Als Mittelrhein wird der ca. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). Seit dem 1. Das WSA Oberrhein ist auf rund 320 Flusskilometern zuständig für die Bundeswasserstraße Rhein von Rhein-km 170,000 am Dreiländereck zwischen Deutschland (Weil am Rhein), der Schweiz (Basel) und Frankreich (Huningue) bis Rhein-km 493,500, d. h. bis kurz vor die Mündung des Mains bei Mainz. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne ("Rhine Gutter") and Seerhein. The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg, is nowadays a clean river, thanks to a combination of stricter environmental controls, a transition from heavy industry to light industry and cleanup measures, such as the reforestation of Slag and brownfields. The northern part forms the border between the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate in the west on the one hand, and Baden-Württemberg and Hesse on the other hand, in the east and north. Spanish is with French in adopting the Germanic vocalism Rin-, while Italian, Occitan and Portuguese retain the Latin Ren-. [18] Tulla is considered to have domesticated the Upper Rhine, a domestication that served goals such as reducing stagnant bogs that fostered waterborne diseases, making regions more habitable for human settlement, and reduce high frequency of floods. The Rhine carries very large amounts of debris into the lake. However, at Wijk bij Duurstede, the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek. Rhein was released on 7 … In some places, there are large compensation pools, for example, the huge Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim in Alsace. The first urban settlement, on the grounds of what is today the centre of Cologne, along the Rhine, was Oppidum Ubiorum, which was founded in 38 BC by the Ubii. google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; However, this name is also used for the river delta where the Rhine flows into Lake Constance, so it is clearer to call the larger one Rhine-Meuse delta, or even Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, as the Scheldt ends in the same delta. The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. The Gaulish name Rēnos (Proto-Celtic or pre-Celtic[note 5] *Reinos) belongs to a class of river names built from the PIE root *rei- "to move, flow, run", also found in other names such as the Reno in Italy. The Dutch name for Rhine is "Rijn". In 1840, the Rhine crisis, prompted by French prime minister Adolphe Thiers's desire to reinstate the Rhine as a natural border, led to a diplomatic crisis and a wave of nationalism in Germany. From 1421 to 1904, the Meuse and Waal merged further upstream at Gorinchem to form Merwede. From here, the situation becomes more complicated, as the Dutch name Rijn no longer coincides with the main flow of water. As it approaches the Dutch border, the Rhine has an annual mean discharge of 2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s) and an average width of 400 m (1,300 ft). The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectonic subsidence have strongly influenced delta evolution. The northern flow keeps the name IJssel until it flows into Lake IJsselmeer. Main-Strom km 0,00 bis 2,89. Germany, Cologne Niehl Rhein 692-699 Km. The most recent glacial period ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). Die größten Nebenflüsse sind But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. This decreed that it would be occupied by the allies, until 1935 and after that, it would be a demilitarised zone, with the German army forbidden to enter. Look for a small hidden container. RES NOVA. Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the Aare. Bei Rheinkilometer 0 beginnt die einheitliche Rheinkilometrierung. In Roman geography, the Rhine formed the boundary between Gallia and Germania by definition; e.g. Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Tiefenkarte des Rhein / Herausgeber: Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt Rhein / Ausgabe vom: 06.08.2020 / alle Angaben ohne Gewähr Messung vom 18.04.2018 Rhein-km 507,0 - 508,0 . The Posterior Rhine rises in the Rheinwald below the Rheinwaldhorn. The bridges at Nijmegen, over the Waal distributary of the Rhine, were also an objective of Operation Market Garden. Die Liste historischer Rheinbrücken nennt nicht mehr existierende Brücken über den Rhein oder seine Mündungsarme.. the Lower Rhine flows within Germany until, all parts of the Delta Rhein flows within the Netherlands until they enter the, This page was last edited on 7 March 2021, at 01:34. Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles). Country: Germany, City: Wörth am Rhein. Rhein-Maas-Delta bzw. Meltwater, adding to the ocean and land subsidence, drowned the former coasts of Europe transgressionally. On the few remaining natural sections, there are still several rapids. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Near Krefeld, the river crosses the Uerdingen line, the line which separates the areas where Low German and High German are spoken. Similar to many ships designed in Germany at that time, Rhein was supposed to be equipped with a diesel propulsion plant. The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. Photo Details During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. The error was discovered in 2010, and the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat confirms the length at 1,232 kilometres (766 miles). google_color_url = "000066"; The Alpine Rhine begins in the westernmost part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the west and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the east. The Rhine: an eco-biography, 1815–2000. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route. This might explain the confusing naming of the various branches. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge) ("dragons rock"), near Bonn at the Rhine and of the Burgundians and their court at Worms, at the Rhine and Kriemhild's golden treasure, which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 5 station and it has five platforms. The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. The two original military districts of Germania Inferior and Germania Superior, came to influence the surrounding tribes, who later respected the distinction in their alliances and confederations. 52, Cioc, Mark. The gorge is quite deep and is the stretch of the river which is known for its many castles and vineyards. Today, the Upper Rhine area hosts many important manufacturing and service industries, particularly in the centers Basel, Strasbourg and Mannheim-Ludwigshafen. google_ad_width = 728; but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The northern Alps were then drained by the Danube. Bei Bonn, an der Mündung der Sieg tritt der Mittelrhein In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. and smaller rivers and streams. In the local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced "Isel" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel ("Donkey"). Here the High Rhine ends. The frontier which they form is inconveniently long, enclosing an acute-angled wedge of foreign territory between the modern Baden and Württemberg. It starts with the creek Aua da Russein (lit. Seattle: University of Washington Press. The Rhine is one of the four major rivers taking their source in the Gotthard region, along with the Ticino, Rhône and Reuss. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops); two legions at oppidum Ubiorum ("town of the Ubii"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne, V Alaudae, a Celtic legion recruited from Gallia Narbonensis and XXI, possibly a Galatian legion from the other side of the empire. In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg. The Confederation of the Rhine was established by Napoleon, as a French client state, in 1806 and lasted until 1814, during which time it served as a significant source of resources and military manpower for the First French Empire. These state projects were part of the advanced and technical progress going on in the country alongside the industrial revolution. Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. Loess (wind-blown topsoil dust) arose from the south and North Sea plain settling on the slopes of the Alps, Urals and the Rhine Valley, rendering the valleys facing the prevailing winds especially fertile. Its water has a darker color than the Rhine; the latter's lighter suspended load comes from higher up the mountains. Allgemeines. The cut-off Old Rhine at first formed a swamp landscape. Distance markers along the Rhine measure the distance from the bridge in the old city centre of Constance. [24] Crossing the border into the Netherlands at Spijk, close to Nijmegen and Arnhem, the Rhine is at its widest, although the river then splits into three main distributaries: the Waal, Nederrijn ("Nether Rhine") and IJssel. Europas. Das EKA ist ein Meilenstein, liegt doch erstmals in der Geschichte dieses Flusses ein umfassendes länderübergreifendes Gesamtkonzept vor. Der Rhein hat eine Gesamtlänge von ungefähr 1324 km, 883 davon sind für die Großschifffahrt nutzbar.Die mittlere Abflussmenge kurz vor dem Delta beträgt 2.330 m³/s. the geography and geology of its present-day watershed has been developing since the Alpine orogeny began. The station is located in the area of the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (Karlsruhe transport association, KVV) and it belongs to fare zone 540. For the German state, making the river more predictable was to ensure development projects could easily commence.[23]. The Oude Maas branches off, near Dordrecht, farther down rejoining the Nieuwe Maas to form Het Scheur. April 1939 beginnt die Zählung der Rheinkilometer ab Mitte der alten Rheinbrücke in Konstanz. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to Nijmegen, and even today, after the regulatory action of the Delta Works, the tide acts far inland. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. A sudden massive expansion of the Black Sea as the Mediterranean Sea burst into it through the Bosporus may have occurred about 7500 BP. The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen and parts of the cantons of Zürich and Basel-Stadt, until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland. According to geologists, the characteristic narrow valley form was created by erosion by the river while the surrounding landscape was lifted (see water gap). Here a number of river islands occur, locally known as "Rheinauen". Earlier work under Frederick the Great surrounded efforts to ease shipping and construct dams to serve coal transportation. Because the levees are some distance from the river, at high tide the Lower Rhine has more room for widening than the Upper Rhine. The discharge of the Rhine is divided into three branches: the Waal (6/9 of total discharge), the Nederrijn – Lek (2/9 of total discharge) and the IJssel (1/9 of total discharge). While some areas lost ground, other areas saw swamps and bogs be drained and turned into arable land. Its course is conventionally divided as follows: The Rhine carries its name without distinctive accessories only from the confluence of the Rein Anteriur/Vorderrhein and Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein next to Reichenau in Tamins. The river is significantly shortened from its natural course due to a number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century. Untersee 170 km langen Hochrheins an der Grenze zu Deutschland), 695,5 km in Deutschland (davon liegen 182 km an der Grenze zu Frankreich; zählt man den Hochrhein inkl.Untersee dazu, erhält man für Deutschland 865,5 km) und 161,2 km in den Niederlanden. Early engineering projects the Upper Rhine also had issues, with Tulla's project at one part of the river creating rapids, after the Rhine cut down from erosion to sheer rock. It descends from 395 m to 252 m. Some stretches of the High Rhine between Stein am Rhein and Eglisau form the border between Switzerland on the south bank and Germany in the north. die bei Koblenz von rechts und links münden. The Old English river name was variously inflected as masculine or feminine; and its Old Icelandic adoption was inflected as feminine.[5]. Die Oberrheinlandschaft wurde im 19. und 20. Added on 03/12/2020 by Rizzo Immobilien GmbH. Near Koblenz in the canton of Aargau, the Aare joins the Rhine. Rhein-km 0, Start der offiziellen Rhein#Kilometrierung RHEIN/km 0-Konstanz. Niederrhein. The southern part was different. TRICOLORE. [note 6], The grammatical gender of the Celtic name (as well as of its Greek and Latin adaptation) is masculine, and the name remains masculine in German, Dutch and French. There remained some dry land in the southern North Sea, known as Doggerland, connecting mainland Europe to Britain. For a time, the Rhine ceased to be a border, when the Franks crossed the river and occupied Roman-dominated Celtic Gaul, as far as Paris. Understand []. In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. Schon Goethe wusste Wanderungen im Rheingau zu schätzen und war mehr als einmal zwischen Flörsheim am Main und Lorch am Rhein unterwegs. Dabei fällt er von 50 m Höhe auf 12 m ab. [22] Engineering along the Rhine eased flooding and made transportation along the river less cumbersome. Zwischenbericht wurden konzeptionell beschrieben. This has already happened to the former Lake Tuggenersee. At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea. Lake Untersee is part of the border between Switzerland and Germany, with Germany on the north bank and Switzerland on the south, except both sides are Swiss in Stein am Rhein, where the High Rhine flows out of the lake. The Rhine (German: Rhein [ʁaɪ̯n], French: Rhin,[1] Dutch: Rijn, Sursilvan: Rein, Sutsilvan and Surmiran: Ragn, Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader, and Puter: Rain, Italian: Reno, Alemannic German: Rhi(n) including Alsatian/Low Alemannic German, Ripuarian, Low Franconian: Rhing, Latin: Rhenus [ˈr̥e̞ːnus]) is one of the major European rivers, which has its sources in Switzerland and flows in a mostly northerly direction through Germany and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea. The allies left the Rhineland, in 1930 and the German army re-occupied it in 1936, which was enormously popular in Germany. Nevertheless, the Alpine Rhine is considered the main branch, because it is longer. På grund af forskellige kanalprojekter i det 19. og 20. århundrede er flodens længde blevet væsentligt forkortet. In a separate operation, the Ludendorff Bridge, crossing the Rhine at Remagen, became famous, when U.S. forces were able to capture it intact – much to their own surprise – after the Germans failed to demolish it. google_ad_type = "text_image"; Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake. dabei von 252 m auf 76 m. Die größten Zuflüsse sind Elz, Kinzig, Murg ind Ill. The source of the river is generally considered north of Lai da Tuma/Tomasee on Rein Anteriur/Vorderrhein,[13] although its southern tributary Rein da Medel is actually longer before its confluence with the Anterior Rhine near Disentis. The Cadlimo Valley in the canton of Ticino is drained by the Reno di Medel, which crosses the geomorphologic Alpine main ridge from the south. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. [20] The engineering of the Rhine was not without protest, farmers and fishermen had grave concerns about valuable fishing areas and farmland being lost. Kilometern von 592 m ü. M. auf 396 m ab. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when ice-sheets covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps, but left the space between as open tundra. Grunddaten. The Rhine: an eco-biography, 1815–2000. The upper Rhine and upper Danube are easily crossed. Several microplates were caught in the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography: Iberia pushed up the Pyrenees; Italy, the Alps, and Anatolia, moving west, the mountains of Greece and the islands. 2002. fließt nun über 300 km nach Norden durch die Oberrheinische Tiefebene und fällt This branch once formed the line along which the Limes Germanicus were built. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. Over the past 6000 years, approximately 80 avulsions have occurred. Die bestehende Kilometrierung für den Rhein beginnt in Konstanz und endet bei Kilometer 1036,20 in Hook van Holland an der Mündung in die Nordsee. Large cities that are situated on the Rhine: Smaller cities that are situated on the Rhine: During its course from the Alps to the North Sea, the Rhine passes through four countries and constitutes six different country borders. With globally shrinking ice-cover, ocean water levels rose and the English Channel and North Sea re-inundated. The name Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times. zurück als bei Mittel und Hochrhein, so dass dem Niederrhein bei Hochwasser mehr Flutraum Zum Vergrößern anklicken.... Aber nicht in der Nähe von km 0 Der … Previously, the two lakes formed a single lake, as the name still suggests. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. For most of its length, the Seerhein forms the border between Germany and Switzerland. Not long before Tulla went to work on widening and straightening the river, heavy floods caused significant loss of life. About 9000 years ago, that last divide was overtopped / dissected. The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today. Use a GPS-enabled device to navigate to the provided coordinates, which will then lead you to one or more locations. [note 1]. Loops, oxbows, branches and islands were removed along the Upper Rhine so that there would be uniformity to the river. In Roman geography, the Rhine and Hercynia Silva were considered the boundary of the civilized world; as it was a wilderness, the Romans were eager to explore it. It is known to have hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and several other protective effects. Major tributaries in this section are the Lahn and the Moselle. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism. At that time, it did not yet carry discharge from the Alps; instead, the watersheds of the Rhone and Danube drained the northern flanks of the Alps. The largest and southern main branch begins as Waal and continues as Boven Merwede ("Upper Merwede"), Beneden Merwede ("Lower Merwede"), Noord ("the North"), Nieuwe Maas ("New Meuse"), Het Scheur ("the Rip") and Nieuwe Waterweg ("New Waterway"). Among the largest and most important cities on the Rhine are Cologne, Düsseldorf, Rotterdam, Strasbourg and Basel. In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from west to north. The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). Seattle: University of Washington Press.48–49, Cioc, Mark. Nordwestlich von Emmerich, an der Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. With a length of 1.320 km, of which 865 km in Germany, the Rhein (Rhine) river is one of the most important waterways in Europe. It belongs almost exclusively to the Swiss canton of Graubünden, ranging from Saint-Gotthard Massif in the west via one valley lying in Ticino and Italy in the south to the Flüela Pass in the east. Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). Its importance as a waterway in the Holy Roman Empire is supported by the many castles and fortifications built along it. 53, Cioc, Mark. For other uses, see. [25] Direct human impact in the delta began with the mining of peat for salt and fuel from Roman times onward. Bonn bezeichnet. in das Norddeutsche Tiefland ein und wird zum industrialisiert, besonders im Ruhrgebiet und in den Gebieten umKöln und
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