?) After a decade of hostility, diplomatic relations between the two finally faltered, making military action inevitable. This excerpt suggests Cleopatra Selene II's death coincided with a lunar eclipse. Jun 23, 2016 - Inspiration for Cleopatra Selene. Fifteen hundred years later his words would inspire one of Shakespeare’s most memorable scenes: [Cleopatra] received several letters, both from Antony and from his friends, to summon her, but she took no account of these orders; and at last, as if in mockery of them, she came sailing up the river Cydnus, in a barge with gilded stern and outspread sails of purple, while oars of silver beat time to the music of flutes and fifes and harps. See more ideas about cleopatra, mark antony, ancient rome. After their parents death, the twins and their brother were raised by Marc Antony's fourth wife, Octavia. She died about . Octavian captured Cleopatra and her brothers and took them from Egypt to Italy. Born around 155 bce in Egypt; died in 101 bce; daughter of Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II (c. 183–116 bce); married her uncle-stepfather Ptolemy VIII Euergetes; children: two sons, Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II and Ptolemy X Alexander I; three daughters, Cleopatra Selene, Cleopatra IV, and Cleopatra Tryphaena (d. after 112 bce). The young couple had had their lives turned upside down as a result of the actions of their parents. Ptolemy Philadelphos, dressed in traditional Macedonian costume, was given the Syrian territories, which Cleopatra had recently reclaimed in order to reconstitute the Ptolemaic Empire, and was made overlord of the Near Eastern client kingdoms west of the Euphrates. In the eyes of Cleopatra’s Egyptian subjects her relationship with Antony was the equivalent of a dynastic marriage, as her prior relationship with Caesar had been, and therefore Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios were legitimate, just as Caesarion was. Clearly, great things were expected of both of them. While her life was relatively short and her legacy obscured by the smudged lens of history, it's clear that Cleopatra the younger walked powerfully in her mother's footsteps. In the aftermath of the battle the victors, Antony and Julius Caesar’s great nephew and heir Gaius Octavius, had divided the Roman world between them; Antony received the East, Octavian the West. By the time Octavian arrived in Egypt in the summer of 30 BC Antony and Cleopatra were ready to make one last stand but, preparing for the worst, had sent the children away. Cleopatra Selene married King Juba, becoming Queen of Mauretania. T he love affair of Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt (69-30 BC), and Marcus Antonius, Roman triumvir (83 … Octavi… Temples, lighthouses, and palaces were built in the modern Roman style, which attracted cultural and political luminaries from around the empire. The second names Helios (Sun) and Selene (Moon) not only marked the twins, rather whimsically, as a pair, but also served to associate them (Alexander Helios in particular) with beliefs and prophecies that were circulating around the Roman Empire regarding a forthcoming ‘golden age’. Mary Magdalene was also the wife of the rightful heir to the title of King of the Jews: Apollonius of Tyana, grandson of Jewish princess, Mariamme and her husband, Herod the Great, King of Judea. One of the latter was Gaius Julius Juba, the son of King Juba of Numidia (modern-day Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who had committed suicide in 46 BC after being defeated by Caesar at the Battle of Thapsus. It was not until 37 BC, when Antony summoned Cleopatra to meet him once more, this time at Antioch in Syria, and she brought the twins with her, that he met them for the first time and formally acknowledged paternity. (It could also have been an attempt to compete with Herod, the client king of Judea, who had done likewise several years earlier.) 1556332. Although Juba was now indisputably the King of Mauretania, he had never been King of Numidia, or anywhere else. For the first ten years of her life Cleopatra Selene had been raised in Egypt as an Egyptian princess at an Egyptian court; the fact that her father was a Roman citizen, former consul and triumvir was virtually irrelevant at this stage of her life. In addition to money, she offered him something else that he had been missing and that was the opportunity for fun and decadent self-indulgence. The children lived in Octavia’s house on the Palatine Hill in Rome as members of an extended family that included their half-brother Iullus Antonius (Antony’s son with Fulvia) and half-sisters, both called Antonia (Antony’s daughters with Octavia), as well as Octavia’s older children from a previous marriage, Marcus Claudius Marcellus and his two sisters, both called Marcella. During their own lifetimes their liaison quickly became infamous, the subject of gossip, innuendo and outrage throughout the ancient world. The two factions came face to face with each other off the coast of Greece at the Battle of Actium in September 31 BC. Over the course of her eventful life she was first an Egyptian princess, then a Roman prisoner and finally an African queen. This article originally appeared in the April 2013 issue of History Today. As Queen she didn't fade into the shadows, and instead asserted her influence over her new kingdom, including having coins minted with her face and titles on them along with those depicting the king. Caesarion headed to India but en route he was betrayed by his tutor, intercepted by Roman forces and executed. These grants ensured that Egypt gradually regained the territories the kingdom had ruled at its peak during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphos. Although Cleopatra was a foreign bride, she brought with her a laundry list of royal titles collected throughout her life. The two sons Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphos disappeared from the historical record without explanation early on, probably falling victim to illness during childhood. Cleopatra Selene, Juba and Ptolemy were forgotten. Once they arrived in Mauretania they were free to make their own decisions, accountable to no one, except possibly Augustus. Cleopatra Selene, however, not only survived into adulthood but became an important and influential political figure in her own right. Cleopatra Selene, on the other hand, had not only been declared Queen of Crete and the Cyrenaica in 34 BC, she had also reigned as the Queen of Egypt in 30 BC, if only for a short while. Allégorie de la province romaine d'Afrique - Grand Palais, Paris 2014.jpg 768 × 1,024; 716 KB However, while most of her children quickly followed her to the grave, her daughter with Marc Anthony, Cleopatra Selene II, carried on the Ptolemy name and began her own lineage of rulers in a new kingdom. After the death of her mother Cleopatra and Mark Antony she was taken to Rome as a child by Octavian Augustus who adopted her. She provided so much of it in Tarsus that he abandoned his wife, Fulvia, and returned with Cleopatra to Alexandria, staying there for the remainder of the year before departing the following spring. Cleopatra Selene, Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphos went south to Thebes. What is less well-known is that they had three children together: the fraternal twins Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios and their younger brother Ptolemy Philadelphos. However, while most of her children quickly followed her to the grave, her daughter with Marc Anthony, Cleopatra Selene II, carried on the Ptolemy name and began her own lineage of rulers in a new kingdom. Cleopatra’s daughter Cleopatra Selene II would go on to marry King Juba II and rule in her own right. Lorenzo Asher Nora ℗ 2015 SamePlateCo Released on: 2015-12-15 Auto-generated by YouTube. While Antony and Cleopatra have been immortalised in history and in popular culture, their offspring have been all but forgotten. In the absence of any surviving relatives, responsibility for them passed to Octavian and he in turn passed it to Octavia. Alexander Helios, dressed in traditional Parthian costume, was given the kingdoms of Armenia and Media (he was also betrothed to the latter kingdom’s princess Iotape) and all the territory east of the Euphrates as far as India, essentially the Parthian Empire that Antony had yet to conquer. Cleopatra Selene II ruled as Queen of Mauretania for around two decades, and during that time she seems to have taken to her duties with aplomb. The allegorical portrait on this silver emblema dish is attributed to Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE–c. She was the most important royal woman in the early Augustan age. Statue of Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios as children, c. 37-30 BC (Egyptian Museum in Cairo) Probably around 25 BC, at the age of 15, Selene was married to the Numidian prince, Juba II. They filled Caesarea with grandiose buildings inspired by those of Rome and also of Alexandria. The fraternal twin of Ptolemaic prince Alexander Helios. CLEOPATRA'S DAUGHTER is the lesser-known story of Cleopatra Selene II, who of course is the daughter of Cleopatra and Marc Antony. Their royal court attracted scholars and artists from across the Roman Empire and became a cosmopolitan fusion of Greek, Roman and Egyptian culture. In the Donations of Antioch and of Alexandria, she was made ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya. While no record of their precise date of birth or even their order of birth has survived, what is certain is that, while the truth of their elder brother Caesarion’s paternity was repeatedly questioned in antiquity, the fact that Antony was the father of the twins was never doubted. She was the most important royal woman in the early Augustan age. This information is part of by on Genealogy Online. Jane Draycott is Lord Kelvin Adam Smith Research Fellow in Ancient Science and Technology at the University of Glasgow. Cleopatra Selene was the only daughter of Queen Cleopatra VII and the Roman general, Mark Antony. In addition to the natural advantages provided by the climate, environment and geology of Egypt, the city of Alexandria was a major centre of trade in the Mediterranean and the kingdom also had the monopoly of trading with India and the Far East. Yet, although he probably knew about the pregnancy and the twins’ subsequent birth, he made no attempt to return to Egypt. Their daughter, Cleopatra Selene, became an important ruler in her own right. With his contemporaries Marcellus, Tiberius and Drusus he even undertook military service with the Roman legions in Spain before Augustus decided to confer on him the newly created client kingdom of Mauretania as his Numidia had now been turned into the Roman province of Africa Nova. She was an Egyptian princess and was proclaimed by Marc Antony as Queen of Cyrenaica and Libya. She was the fraternal twin of Ptolemaic prince Alexander Helios. Cleopatra Selene II: The Truth About Cleopatra's Daughter. Over the next few months she sent a series of messengers to Octavian, offering first to betray Antony and then, when that proved unsuccessful, to abdicate in favour of her children. The couple ruled Mauretania for almost two decades, until Cleopatra’s early death at the age of 35. Whereas her mother gave herself to whomever had power in Rome, Selene gives herself to whomever can get her Egypt back. Cleopatra Selene II Ptolemaic Princess and was the only daughter to Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. Cleopatra’s mother was probably Cleopatra V Tryphaena. Octavian won the battle although his victory was far from decisive and was only achieved with the help of his friend and colleague Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. These included a lighthouse in the style of the Alexandrian Pharos, set up on an island in the harbour, a royal palace situated on the seafront and numerous temples to Roman and Egyptian deities. He reigned until AD 40, when he was executed on the orders of the emperor Caligula, his mother’s great nephew. Over the next couple of years, Antony bestowed vast swathes of land onto Cleopatra and her children. 5 BCE), the daughter of Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE) and Mark Antony (83–30 BCE). Antony’s Parthian campaign proved to be a humiliating failure, although that did not prevent him from returning to Alexandria as a conquering hero in 34 BC. Cleopatra Selene was the only daughter of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman Triumvir Mark Antony. Of those that occurred around the time she disappeared from the historic record, the one roundly accepted by historians as the likely culprit happened on March 23rd, 5 BCE, which would have made Cleopatra Selene II 35 years old at the time of her death. Shortly afterwards, a lavish ceremony that has come to be known as the Donations of Alexandria was held in the city’s gymnasium. Cleopatra Selene and Juba proved more than equal to the task. On the contrary, over the next decade Octavian’s negative propaganda made much of the fact that Antony had not only indulged in a shameful liaison with a foreign woman that had resulted in him rejecting not just one but two lawful Roman wives (Fulvia died in 40 BC and was promptly replaced by Octavian’s sister Octavia), but he had also fathered a brood of illegitimate foreign children. Antony officially recognized Cleopatra Selene when she was three This sandstone sculpture probably represents the... 3. So, following the wedding, Augustus proclaimed them king and queen of Mauretania and sent them there to rule as his clients. Judging from a second commemorative epigram written by Crinagoras of Mytilene, her death seems to have coincided with a lunar eclipse, which would place it on or around 23 March, 5 BC: The moon herself grew dark, rising at sunset, covering her suffering in the night, because she saw her beautiful namesake, Selene, breathless, descending to Hades, with her she had had the beauty of her light in common, and mingled her own darkness with her death. She entered the city with her kingdom’s wealth prominently displayed and this tactic could not have been more attractive to Antony, who was not only in need of money to fund his military campaign against Parthia, but had been chronically debt ridden for the majority of his adult life. Already outraged by the Donations of Alexandria, the discovery of an alleged copy of Antony’s will, which contained the revelation that he wished to be buried in Alexandria with Cleopatra rather than in Rome with Octavia, was the final straw for Octavian. Her mother also had an older son, Caesarion, and her father had five children with previous wives. They made Selene queen of Cyrenaica, Egypt’s neighbor, when the girl was six years old. In 25 BC she was instrumental in arranging a marriage between Cleopatra Selene and Juba and the event was commemorated by the poet Crinagoras of Mytilene in an epigram that survives in its entirety: Great neighbouring regions of the world, which the Nile, swollen from black Ethiopia, divides, you have created common kings for both through marriage, making one race of Egyptians and Libyans.Let the children of kings in turn hold from their fathers a strong rule over both lands. Cleopatra Selene II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα ΣξΝΎνΡ; summer 40 BC – c. 5 BC; the numeration is modern) was a Ptolemaic princess and Queen of Numidia (briefly in 25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC – 5 BC). Cleopatra had 4 husbands, but only had offspring with 2 of them. In the wake of their defeat Antony and Cleopatra returned to Alexandria. © Copyright 2021 History Today Ltd. Company no. By 42 BC the last of Gaius Julius Caesar’s assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, had been defeated and killed at the Battle of Philippi in northern Greece. I’ve tried to answer the most common questions I get asked about her: 1. … The daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III of Egypt, Cleopatra Selene was favoured by her mother and became a pawn in Cleopatra III's political manoeuvres. Like him they had a part to play in the succession and with this in mind Cleopatra selected their names very carefully. The market-place was quite emptied, and Antony at last was left alone (Life of Antony 25.5-26.3). But that was not enough for the likes of her ambitious parents. – A.D. Mary Magdalene was also a Queen, daughter of the King of Libya and first wife, Queen Cleopatra Selene, daughter of Marc Antony and Queen Cleopatra. Both Alexander and Cleopatra had Macedonian, Seleucid and Ptolemaic precedents that linked the twins with past prominent members of other Near Eastern royal families, although the most obvious contemporary associations would have been with Alexander the Great and Cleopatra VII herself. She received a Greek education and was brought up like a powerful Ptolemaic princess. While her siblings disappeared from the historic record during this time (code for "they died"), Cleopatra Selene II was raised to be an upstanding citizen of Rome and was eventually married to King Juba II of Mauretania in northern Africa, a new addition to the empire. Mostly these were the heirs of friendly client rulers, who had been sent to Rome as a means of ‘Romanising’ them to make them more effective client kings, but it also included several individuals who were the offspring of former client rulers, who had been deposed or had died, or both. Media in category "Cleopatra Selene II" The following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. This would have allowed him to parade her through the streets of Rome during the triple triumph he was planning to celebrate his victories against Illyricum, Actium and Egypt, just as Caesar had paraded her sister Arsinoë in his own triumph celebrating his victory in the Alexandrian War in 48 BC. Cleopatra's actual daughter, Selene, lived between the years 40 - 6 BC. In 30 BC, her parents committed suicide as Octavian and his army invaded Egypt. Cleopatra Selene was given Crete and the Cyrenaica, both territories that were particularly associated with the families of Antony and Cleopatra. Octavian had originally hoped to take Cleopatra alive. The perfumes diffused themselves from the vessel to the shore, which was covered with multitudes, part following the galley up the river on either bank, part running out of the city to see the sight. When Octavian left the newly created province, he took the twins and Ptolemy Philadelphos back to Rome with him. After the death of her mother, Cleopatra, she reigned as queen of Egypt alongside her brother, Alexander Helios, for two weeks before it was annexed by the Roman Empire. The younger Cleopatra was ten years old when she and her brothers were shipped off to Rome following her mother's death. Many clues have given historians a range of dates, but one of the most compelling pieces of evidences comes in the form of a poem.
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